Anett Hudák | Neurodegeneration | Women Researcher Award

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Ms. Anett Hudák | Neurodegeneration | Women Researcher Award

Anett Hudák is a skilled molecular biologist with deep expertise in neurobiology, virology, and molecular pathology. She earned her MSc in Molecular Biology from the University of Debrecen with a specialization in biomedical sciences and pharmacology. Over the years, she has significantly contributed to the understanding of cellular communication, amyloid pathology, and viral entry mechanisms through her work on syndecans. With professional experience spanning academia and industry, Anett currently serves as a molecular biologist at Pharmacoidea Ltd., where she leads impactful research on Alzheimer’s disease, SARS-CoV-2, and neurodegeneration. Her publications in high-impact journals like Scientific Reports and International Journal of Molecular Sciences reflect her strong research acumen. Anett’s extensive training in laboratory techniques, radiation protection, and animal experimentation, along with her dedication and collaborative mindset, make her a valued asset in translational biomedical research. She continues to drive discovery at the intersection of molecular biology and therapeutic innovation.

Profile

🎓 Education

Anett Hudák began her academic journey at Benka Gyula Lutheran Primary School and graduated from Andrássy Gyula Secondary School. She completed her BSc in Biology with a specialization in Laboratory Operations at the University of Debrecen’s Faculty of Science and Technology. She further pursued an MSc in Molecular Biology at the University of Debrecen’s Faculty of Medicine, specializing in Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology. During her studies, she also received extended-level radiation protection training from the University of Debrecen’s Radiation Protection Service. Anett later earned a Certification in Laboratory Animal Science from the Institutional Animal Welfare Committee at Semmelweis University. Her academic formation has been enriched by intensive hands-on research training in various biomedical techniques including PCR, genotyping, electrophoresis, immunohistochemistry, and animal experimentation. This solid educational background has laid the groundwork for her successful transition into a career in academic and industrial molecular biology research.

🧪 Experience

Anett Hudák has a rich portfolio of research and laboratory experience, beginning with her early work on HPV detection in cervical cancer diagnostics at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Debrecen. She expanded her expertise during her research internship at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, where she investigated IL-1RI’s role in inflammatory pain models. From 2012 to 2014, she gained proficiency in cell biology techniques including immunofluorescence and Western blotting. She worked as a laboratory biologist at the Institute of Physiology, Semmelweis University (2015–2016), contributing to studies on lymphangiogenesis in embryonic development. Since 2016, she has been a molecular biologist at Pharmacoidea Ltd., conducting translational research on syndecans in viral transmission, amyloid aggregation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Her contributions to scientific conferences and collaborative publications demonstrate her ability to lead and participate in high-impact research projects that bridge molecular science and therapeutic development.

🏅 Awards and Honors

While formal awards are not extensively listed in Anett Hudák’s CV, her achievements are evident through her selection for prominent speaking roles and poster presentations at respected conferences such as the Pannonia Congress of Pathology (2014), MÉT 2015, and FAMÉ 2016. Her research has consistently been showcased in these forums, highlighting its relevance and impact. Furthermore, Anett’s work has resulted in numerous peer-reviewed publications in top-tier journals like Scientific Reports and International Journal of Molecular Sciences, indicating recognition by the scientific community. Her collaborative publications with international experts, such as Martin Hofmann-Apitius and Mimoun Azzouz, underscore her respected standing in biomedical research. Anett’s ability to lead first-author publications and contribute significantly to multi-author research reflects a level of distinction that is often synonymous with academic honors. Her rising trajectory in neurodegenerative and virology research suggests she is well-positioned for future scientific accolades and leadership roles.

🔬 Research Focus

Anett Hudák’s research centers on the role of syndecans in cellular communication, neurodegenerative disease pathology, and viral entry mechanisms. Her work has significantly contributed to understanding how these membrane proteins facilitate the internalization and aggregation of amyloid-β, α-synuclein, and tau—key proteins involved in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. She also explores how syndecans enable SARS-CoV-2 entry, including variants like Delta and Omicron, offering insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention. Recent studies delve into the interaction between apolipoproteins and syndecans and how these pathways impact cellular events relevant to amyloid disorders. Her use of tissue decolorization, single-cell resolution imaging, and endocytosis analysis has positioned her research at the forefront of molecular neuroscience and virology. Anett’s interdisciplinary approach, spanning molecular biology, cell signaling, and pathology, not only addresses fundamental mechanisms but also aims to inform novel therapeutic strategies for infectious and neurodegenerative diseases.

✅ Conclusion

Anett Hudák is a dedicated and impactful molecular biologist whose research on syndecans, neurodegeneration, and viral entry has advanced both basic science and translational applications in biomedicine.

Publications

Mai Osman Mohamed Kadry | Biochemistry | Best Researcher Award

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Assist. Prof. Dr. Mai Osman Mohamed Kadry | Biochemistry | Best Researcher Award

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mai O.Kadry,National Research Center, Egypt

Dr. Mai Osman Mohamed Kadry is a distinguished biochemistry researcher at the Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Egypt. With a Doctorate in Biochemistry from Cairo University (2016), her work focuses on oxidative injury, nanotoxicity, and cancer therapy. She has published extensively in high-impact journals on topics like antioxidant effects, stem cell therapies, and metabolic disorders. Dr. Kadry has also contributed to academia, teaching pharmacognosy at 6th October University. Skilled in advanced techniques like PCR, HPLC, and ELISA, she actively participates in groundbreaking nanobiotechnology research projects. Dr. Kadry is committed to advancing therapeutic strategies for critical diseases. 📚🧬

Profile

🎓 Education

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mai O. Kadry boasts a strong academic foundation in pharmaceutical sciences. She earned her Doctorate in Biochemistry from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, in 2016, with a thesis on the “Amelioration of Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide-Induced Oxidative Injury in Mice by Some Antioxidants.” She obtained her Master’s degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Helwan University in 2008, focusing on the synergistic effects of phytic and catechin on carbon tetrachloride-induced damage in rats. Dr. Kadry completed her B.Sc. in Pharmaceutical Science at Ain Shams University in 2003, graduating with honors. She also attended English language schools, enhancing her global communication skills. 🌟🔬

🧪 Experience

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mai O. Kadry has accumulated valuable experience in academia and research. She served as a pharmacognosy instructor at the Faculty of Pharmacy, 6th October University, Cairo, Egypt (2003–2004), where she effectively delivered courses on natural products and their therapeutic applications. Dr. Kadry also contributed as a staff member focused on development and quality enhancement, aligning with the standards of the National Commission for Academic Accreditation. Her dedication to education and quality assurance reflects her commitment to fostering academic excellence and professional growth in pharmaceutical sciences. 📚🔬

Training 🧬📚

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mai O. Kadry has undergone extensive training in various scientific disciplines. She completed courses in Biostatistics (November 2016) and Bioinformatics (January 2017) at the National Research Centre. Earlier, she gained expertise in Scientific Typewriting Bases (March 2007) and Occupational Health and Safety (June 2009). Additionally, she mastered Protein Electrophoresis through a four-month course in 2006. Dr. Kadry enhanced her practical skills with hands-on training at Al-Borg Clinical Laboratory, focusing on PCR techniques for detecting HBV and HCV at the Theodor Bilharz Research Institute. Her comprehensive training equips her with valuable laboratory and analytical skills. 🔬🧪

🔬 Research Focus

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mai O. Kadry focuses on cutting-edge biomedical research, emphasizing toxicity, cancer therapy, and molecular biology. Her work explores inflammatory mediators, DNA damage, and therapeutic approaches in liver, brain, and nephrotoxicity contexts. She investigates autophagy, necroptosis, and novel strategies like resveratrol nano-formulations for ovarian cancer. Dr. Kadry also studies molecular pathways in gastric and prostate cancers, including miRNA-lncRNA signaling and CRISPR-Cas9 applications. Other interests involve genetic mutations in leukemia, drug-delivery systems, and nanotechnology for breast cancer. Her contributions bridge diagnostics, therapeutic innovations, and cellular mechanisms in oncology and toxicology. 🔬✨

✅ Conclusion

Assist. Prof. Dr. Mai O. Kadry is a distinguished biochemistry researcher whose work bridges advanced molecular biology and therapeutic innovation. With expertise in nanotoxicity, oxidative injury, and cancer therapy, she contributes significantly to biomedical science through impactful research and academic leadership. Her training in cutting-edge techniques and her focus on translational medicine position her at the forefront of scientific discovery. Dr. Kadry’s dedication to improving healthcare through targeted therapies and her commitment to academic excellence make her a valuable asset to the scientific community. Her career reflects passion, innovation, and a relentless pursuit of better treatment solutions.

 

Publications

  • Collaboration of Hprt/K-RAS/c-Myc mutation in the oncogenesis of T-lymphocytic leukemia: a comparative study

    Future Science OA
    2024-12-31 | Journal article
    DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0111
    CONTRIBUTORS: Mai O Kadry; Abdel-Hamid Z Abdel Hamid; Rehab M Abdel-Megeed

  • Fischer’s oligopeptide ratio in ischemic hypoxia: prophylactic amendment of sophoretin and melatonin supplementation

    Future Science OA
    2024-12-31 | Journal article
    DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0117
    CONTRIBUTORS: Mai O Kadry; Hanaa Mahmoud Al

  • Thioctic acid shield against lipopolysaccharide depression and endoplasmic reticulum stress: GR7M/Homer/ATF6 signaling

    Future Science OA
    2024-12-31 | Journal article
    DOI: 10.1080/20565623.2024.2422791
    CONTRIBUTORS: Mai O. Kadry; Rehab M. Abdel-Megee

Yingna Le | Research on the Mechanism of Action of Active Ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine | Best Researcher Award

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Dr. Yingna Le | Research on the Mechanism of Action of Active Ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine | Best Researcher Award

PhD Candidate| Nanchang Medical College, china

Dr. Yingna Le is a Lecturer in Pharmacy at Nanchang Medical College’s School of Pharmacy, where she specializes in pharmacognosy and the authentication of Chinese medicinal materials. With a strong foundation in Chinese Materia Medica from Yunnan and Jiangxi Universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine, she combines traditional knowledge with modern scientific research. Dr. Le actively investigates the molecular mechanisms behind active ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), contributing to national and provincial research projects. Her work includes the study of hawthorn leaf flavonoids and kidney stone treatments through the lens of network pharmacology and gut-liver axis analysis. She has published in core Chinese and international journals, developed flipped classroom models, and innovated WeChat-based educational tools. A member of several professional societies, she is committed to advancing TCM education and research. Her interdisciplinary approach integrates experimental design, pharmacognosy, and data analysis to enrich teaching and contribute to the scientific community.

Profile

🎓 Education

Dr. Yingna Le holds both Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Chinese Materia Medica. She earned her B.S. from Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2007, where she developed a strong understanding of traditional pharmacognosy and the foundational principles of Chinese medicine. She then pursued her M.S. from Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2008–2011), deepening her expertise in medicinal material authentication and TCM pharmacology. Her postgraduate studies provided her with skills in microscopic identification, phytochemical analysis, and TCM theory, setting the stage for her research and teaching career. This rigorous academic background enabled her to bridge the gap between traditional practices and contemporary scientific methods. Her educational journey laid the groundwork for her future roles in academia and research, where she continues to explore the integration of modern pharmacological techniques with ancient herbal wisdom. Dr. Le’s academic path demonstrates her dedication to excellence and innovation in the field of TCM.

🧪 Experience

Dr. Yingna Le currently serves as a Lecturer in the School of Pharmacy at Nanchang Medical College (2021–present), where she teaches Pharmacognosy and the Authentication of Chinese Medicinal Materials. Prior to this, she was a Teaching Assistant at the Jiangxi University of TCM Science and Technology College (2018–2021), where she began integrating innovative teaching strategies into traditional Chinese medicine education. Her academic career is marked by a dedication to improving teaching quality through flipped classrooms and the application of digital platforms like WeChat for student engagement and evaluation. In addition to teaching, Dr. Le has played pivotal roles in research, particularly as Principal Investigator and Co-Investigator on national and provincial research grants. She has completed five interdisciplinary projects between 2020 and 2022 and actively contributes to academic publications. Her blend of instructional innovation and research acumen makes her a respected figure in both educational and scientific circles in TCM.

🏅 Awards and Honors

Dr. Yingna Le has earned recognition through competitive research funding and influential academic appointments. She is the Principal Investigator of a Jiangxi Provincial Education Department grant for studying Lygodium japonicum’s mechanisms against kidney stones, and a Co-Investigator on a prestigious National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant examining hawthorn leaf flavonoids in cardiovascular treatment. While specific award titles are not listed, her success in securing these high-level grants reflects her scientific credibility and innovation. Additionally, her involvement in five interdisciplinary education reform and material science projects (2020–2022) with substantial budgets highlights her leadership and collaborative spirit. Dr. Le also holds committee roles in key professional societies, including the TCM Processing Committee of the Jiangxi Pharmaceutical Association and the Digital Healthcare & Simulation Medicine Society of Jiangxi Province. These roles further affirm her status as a trusted contributor to the advancement of pharmacy education and research in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

🔬 Research Focus

Dr. Yingna Le’s research centers on uncovering the mechanisms of action of active ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine using modern pharmacological approaches. Her work focuses on compounds such as hawthorn leaf flavonoids and their effects on cardiovascular health, particularly unstable plaques, through the LXR-α mediated modulation of iron-lipid metabolism in the gut-liver axis. She also investigates the therapeutic potential of Lygodium japonicum in kidney stone treatment via network pharmacology. Dr. Le employs a range of methodologies including phytochemical analysis, molecular mechanism studies, and pharmacognostic techniques. Her research approach integrates traditional herbal knowledge with systems biology to bridge classical TCM theory with modern biomedical science. She has a strong interest in interdisciplinary collaboration and has led or contributed to numerous research projects across pharmacology, education reform, and material science. Her contributions aim to validate and modernize the application of traditional remedies in contemporary clinical settings, making her work both culturally relevant and scientifically impactful.

✅ Conclusion

Dr. Yingna Le blends traditional Chinese medical expertise with modern research to advance pharmacognosy and medicinal authentication. Through dedicated teaching, impactful research, and innovative education methods, she contributes significantly to TCM modernization.

Publications

Nathan Robert Wall | Medicine | Excellence in Research Award

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Dr. Nathan Robert Wall | Medicine | Excellence in Research Award

Dr. Nathan R. Wall is an accomplished academic, biomedical researcher, and military officer. He is currently an Associate Professor of Medicine at Loma Linda University School of Medicine and holds multiple leadership roles in research, oncology education, and national defense. With advanced degrees in biology, cancer biology, and business administration, he has dedicated his career to cancer research and military medical operations. Dr. Wall has served in multiple deployments with the California Army National Guard, including missions in Afghanistan, Poland, and Iraq. His military and academic excellence is recognized through numerous awards and honors. Dr. Wall combines rigorous research in molecular medicine with a passion for leadership, education, and national service. His extensive experience in academia, clinical research, and military command uniquely positions him at the intersection of science and strategic operations, contributing to both medical advancement and national security.

Profile

Education 🎓

Dr. Nathan R. Wall is currently pursuing a Master of Strategic Studies at the U.S. Army War College (2024–2026). He earned his MBA with a focus in Management from the University of Redlands (2006–2008), and a Ph.D. in Cancer Biology from Wayne State University (1996–2000), where he also completed an M.S. in Molecular Biology and Genetics. Prior to that, he obtained an M.S. in Biology (1992–1995) and a B.S. in Biology with a minor in Chemistry (1987–1991) from Walla Walla College (now Walla Walla University). His graduate training included mentorship under leading scientists like Dr. Ayad M. Al-Katib and Dr. Joan M. Redd. Across disciplines—from molecular biology to strategic leadership—Dr. Wall’s education reflects a commitment to interdisciplinary excellence, equipping him with the skills to navigate both biomedical research and complex military operations with strategic insight.

Experience 👨‍🏫

Dr. Nathan R. Wall has held academic appointments at Loma Linda University since 2008, currently serving as Associate Professor of Medicine in the Division of Human Anatomy. He also directs Research and Development at the James M. Slater Proton Treatment & Research Center and is Oncology Thread Director at the School of Medicine. Previously, he served in the Department of Biochemistry and Center for Health Disparities. Since 2008, Dr. Wall has simultaneously served in the California Army National Guard, rising through the ranks and completing deployments to Afghanistan, Poland, and Iraq in key command roles. He has also contributed as a scientific advisor for biotech firms and participated in Department of Defense medical research review panels. His interdisciplinary experience spans military medicine, molecular oncology, academic leadership, and national defense, making him a unique leader who bridges science, strategy, and service.

Awards & Recognitions 🏅

Dr. Wall’s exemplary service has earned him numerous military and civilian accolades. These include the Bronze Star Medal, NATO Medal, Afghanistan Campaign Medal, Global War on Terrorism Service Medal, and the Honorable Order of Saint Martin. He’s received multiple Army Commendation and Achievement Medals, along with California-specific honors like the California Medal of Merit and Drill Attendance Ribbon with multiple stars. Notably, he was recognized as “Citizen Warrior of the Month” by California ARNG Magazine in August 2018. Dr. Wall has also been honored with plaques and certificates from NATO, Bulgarian Joint Forces, and various military medical programs. His academic achievements include tenure at Loma Linda University and leadership roles in key training inspections. These honors reflect his unwavering commitment to excellence, leadership in medical readiness, and profound impact in both academic and military sectors.

Research Interests 🔬

Dr. Wall’s research focuses on cancer biology, with specific expertise in molecular mechanisms of disease, targeted therapies, and translational oncology. His work bridges basic science and clinical application, especially in the context of proton therapy and health disparities in underserved populations. At Loma Linda University, he leads interdisciplinary teams addressing tumor microenvironments, cancer signaling pathways, and innovative therapeutics. Dr. Wall also contributes to Department of Defense research as a peer reviewer, ensuring scientific rigor in funded medical studies. His research often integrates his military background, exploring how stress and trauma-related factors influence cancer biology and immune responses. As Director of R&D at a leading proton treatment center, he’s advancing precision medicine in oncology. Dr. Wall’s work is marked by its practical implications, scientific depth, and commitment to improving patient care—particularly for populations affected by health inequities or involved in military service.

Publications

  • Seco-Duocarmycin SA in Aggressive Glioblastoma Cell Lines

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    2025-03-19 | Journal article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms26062766
    CONTRIBUTORS: Ann Morcos; Yeonkyu Jung; Ryan N. Fuller; Antonella Bertucci; Amy Nguyen; Quanqing Zhang; Tobias Emge; Kristopher E. Boyle; Nathan R. Wall; Marcelo Vazquez

  • A Comprehensive Review of the Antitumor Properties and Mechanistic Insights of Duocarmycin Analogs

    Cancers
    2024-09-27 | Journal article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers16193293
    CONTRIBUTORS: Ann Morcos; Yeonkyu Jung; Joab Galvan Bustillos; Ryan N. Fuller; David Caba Molina; Antonella Bertucci; Kristopher E. Boyle; Marcelo E. Vazquez; Nathan R. Wal

  • A CTB-SARS-CoV-2-ACE-2 RBD Mucosal Vaccine Protects Against Coronavirus Infection

    Vaccines
    2023-12-18 | Journal article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121865
    CONTRIBUTORS: Béla Dénes; Ryan Fuller; Wayne Kelin; Tessa Levin; Jaipuneet Gil; Aaren Harewood; Márta Lőrincz; Nathan Wall; Anthony Firek; William Langridg

Suleyman Yildizdal | Craniosynostosis | Best Researcher Award

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Dr. Suleyman Yildizdal | Craniosynostosis | Best Researcher Award

 

 

Profile

Education

He completed his education at Org. Kenan Evren School from 2000 to 2008, followed by Gaziantep Anadolu High School from 2008 to 2012. He then pursued his medical training at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine from 2012 to 2018. After earning his medical degree, he continued his specialization in Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery as a resident at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine from November 2018 to February 2024. In April 2024, he joined Ankara Research and Training Hospital, where he continues to work in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery.

 

Work experience

He has participated in various courses and workshops to enhance his expertise in plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery. He attended the Resident Ethics Course at Hacettepe University’s Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics on January 10-11, 2019. He also completed the 5th Basic Residency School organized by the Turkish Society of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery in Bolu, Turkey, from January 22-25, 2020. Further advancing his skills, he took part in the 15th Advanced Residency School in Antalya, Turkey, from April 20-24, 2023. Additionally, he attended the 1st Cadaver Course of Craniofacial Anomaly and Maxillofacial Surgery at Hacettepe University on September 3-4, 2022, and the 1st Cadaver Course of Orthognathic Surgery at Koc University Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, on September 7-8, 2022.

In addition to his clinical and surgical training, he has contributed to academic literature by co-authoring book chapters. He co-wrote Age-Related Changes in Trunk Aesthetics in Beauty, Aging, and Anti-Aging (1st ed., Elsevier, 2022) alongside G. G. Üstün and S. Yıldızdal. He also contributed to Dudak ve Damak Yarıkları Hacettepe Ekip Yaklaşım, co-authoring “Apert and Crouzon Syndrome” with İbrahim Vargel.

Awards

He has achieved remarkable academic success, securing 16th place in the National Examination for Specialty in Medicine among over 18,000 participants. Additionally, he ranked 571st in the National Student Selection and Placement Examination out of more than 2 million candidates.

He has actively participated in national meetings within his field, contributing to discussions and advancements in plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery. He attended the 41st National Turkish Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Meeting in Samsun, Turkey, from October 26-30, 2019. He also participated in the National Turkish Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Eastern Mediterranean Meeting on Cleft Lip and Palate, held in Gaziantep, Turkey, from February 7-9, 2020. Furthermore, he attended the 43rd National Turkish Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Meeting in Antalya, Turkey, from November 10-14, 2021.

 

Publication

Michal Schwartz | Neurodegenerative diseases | Best Researcher Award

Published on by Cognitive Scientist Awards

Prof Dr. Michal Schwartz | Neurodegenerative diseases | Best Researcher Award

Michal Schwartz (born 1 January 1950) is a professor of neuroimmunology at the Weizmann Institute of Science. She is active in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly utilizing the immune system to help the brain fight terminal neurodegenerative brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.[3][1]

Schwartz’s studies have shown that the immune system supports a healthy brain’s function and is vital for healing and protecting the brain in case of injury or disease.[4]

Schwartz coined the term protective autoimmunity[5] and discovered roles for immune cells in repair and neurogenesis. She has been the elected chair of the International Society of Neuroimmunology (ISNI) since 2016.[6]

In 2023 Schwartz received the honorary Israel Prize for Life Sciences.

 

Profile

Education

Schwartz gained her Bachelor of Science in chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1972. She received her Ph.D in Immunology in 1977 at the Weizmann Institute of Science, where she would later spend the majority of her career. She also spent time at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, researching nerve regeneration.[when?

 

Work experience

At the Weizmann Institute, she progressed from senior scientist in the Department of Neurobiology to full professor in 1998, and was then awarded the Maurice and Ilse Katz Professorial Chair in Neuroimmunology in 2016.[7] Schwartz’s work in neuroimmunology has encompassed a wide range of pathologies in the central nervous system (CNS), including injury, neurodegeneration, mental dysfunction, and aging. She coined the term protective autoimmunity and demonstrated the role of immune cells such as macrophages and T cells in spinal cord repair. She also identified specific brain areas for ‘cross talk’ between the CNS and the immune system. This cross-talk is important for recruiting immune cells and maintaining a healthy brain, and the disruption of this cross-talk can play a role in brain aging and neurodegenerative disease. She also showed this role in pregnancy and fetal brain development, where immune disruption in the mother can be linked to neurodevelopmental disorders in their children. Another focus of her work has been on repurposing cancer immunotherapies such as PD-1 blockers to treat neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Macrophages

The Schwartz team discovered that bone marrow-derived macrophages are needed for central nervous system (CNS) repair. The brain-resident myeloid cells (the microglia), and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages are not redundant populations, despite their myeloid phenotype, and display distinct functions in resolution of brain inflammation.[8][9][10]

Autoimmunity

In her research, Schwartz discovered that the ability to cope with sterile CNS injuries requires support in the form of an adaptive immune response mediated by CD4+ T cells that recognize CNS antigens. She coined the concept of protective autoimmunity, to distinguish this response from autoimmune disease, in which the anti-self response escapes control. Over the years, it became clear that adaptive immunity is needed to facilitate the recruitment of immunoregulatory cells, including bone marrow-derived macrophages and FoxP3 regulatory T cells, though the balance between regulatory T cells and effector memory cells is different in the periphery versus the brain.[11][12][13]

Brain Homeostasis

Schwartz’s team discovered the role of adaptive systemic immune cells, and specifically T cells recognizing brain antigens (Protective autoimmune T cells), in supporting the cognitive capacity of the healthy brain, for lifelong neurogenesis, and functional brain plasticity. These observations paved the way for numerous additional discoveries in which the brain-immune axis was described.[14][15][16]

The Choroid Plexus

Schwartz’s team identified the brain’s choroid plexus (CP) within the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier as an immunological interface between the brain and the immune system. It serves as a niche that hosts immune cells, and as a physiological entry gate for leukocytes. Focusing on this unique niche within the brain led the Schwartz group to propose that IFN-γ holds the key to regulating CP gateway activity. Her team further showed that in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases (studied using both mouse models and human samples), dysfunction of this interface is determined both by signals originating in the brain, and signals from the aged immune system, which led to the identification of Type-I Interferon (IFN-I) at the CP as a negative player, affecting the fate of the aging brain in general, and of microglia, in particular. A similar IFN-I signature at the CP was subsequently discovered by others in Alzheimer’s disease and in the postmortem brains of infected patients who died from COVID-19.[17][14][10]

Immunotherapy

The discovery that adaptive immunity plays a key role in brain function and repair, the need for bone marrow-derived macrophages to resolve local brain inflammation, the fact that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and all forms of dementia are mainly age-related diseases, and the fact that the immune system is particularly affected by aging all led Schwartz to propose a new treatment for combating dementias. Schwartz suggested empowering systemic immunity, using a form of immunotherapy by modestly blocking the inhibitory immune checkpoint PD1/PD-L1 pathway.[citation needed] This treatment drives an immune-dependent cascade of events, that allows the harnessing of bone marrow-derived macrophages and regulatory T cells to help clear toxic factors from the diseased brain, and to arrest the local inflammation, thereby providing a comprehensive multi-factorial therapy through modification of multiple elements that go awry in AD. Schwartz’s patents for developing such immunotherapy for AD are licensed to a small Biopharma company, Immunobrain Checkpoint. The company is awaiting a clinical trial in AD patients, supported in part by the National Institute of Aging, the US National Institutes of Health, and The Alzheimer’s Association.[18][19][20][21][22][23]

Publication

1. Rachmian N, Medina S, Cherqui U, Akiva H, Deitch D, Edilbi D, Croese T, Salame T, Peralta Ramos
J, Cahalon L, Krizhanovsky V, Schwartz M. 2024. Senescent microglia conserved in aging and
Alzheimer’s disease exhibit elevated TREM2 protein levels. Nat Neurosci 27: 1116-24
2. Tsitsou-Kampeli A, Suzzi S, Kenigsbuch M, Satomi A, Strobelt R, Singer O, Feldmesser E, Purnapatre
M, Colaiuta SP, David E, Cahalon L, Hahn O, Wyss-Coray T, Shaul Y, Amit I, Schwartz M. 2023.
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase at the choroid plexus contributes to brain immune homeostasis. Cell Rep
Med: 101278
3. Suzzi, S. Croese T., Ravid A., Gold O., Clark A., Medina A., Kitsberg D., Adam M., Vernon K., Kohnert
E., Shapira I., Malitsky S., Itkin M., Brandis A., Mehlman T., Salame T., Colaiuta S., Cahalon L.,Slyper
M., Greka A., Habib N., Schwartz M. 2023. N-acetylneuraminic acid links immune exhaustion and
accelerated memory deficit in diet-induced obese Alzheimer’s disease mouse model 2023. Nat. Commun.
14:1293.
4. Kenigsbuch M, Bost P, Halevi S, Chang Y, Chen S, Ma Q, Hajbi R, Schwikowski B, Bodenmiller B, Fu
H, Schwartz M*, Amit I* (equal contribution, and corresponding authors). 2022. A shared diseaseassociated oligodendrocyte signature among multiple CNS pathologies. Nat Neurosci 25: 876-86.
5. Dvir-Szternfeld R, Castellani G, Arad M, Cahalon L, Colaiuta SP, Keren-Shaul H, Croese T, Burgaletto
C, Baruch K, Ulland T, Colonna M, Weiner A, Amit I, Schwartz M. 2022. Alzheimer’s disease
modification mediated by bone marrow-derived macrophages via a TREM2-independent pathway in
mouse model of amyloidosis. Nature Aging 2: 60-73 (citations:17).
6. Ben-Yehuda H, Arad M, Peralta Ramos JM, Sharon E, Castellani G, Ferrera S, Cahalon L, Colaiuta SP,
Salame TM, Schwartz M. 2021. Key role of the CCR2-CCL2 axis in disease modification in a mouse
model of tauopathy. Mol Neurodegeneration 16: 39. (citations:20).
7. Cohen M, Giladi A, Raposo C, Zada M, Li B, Ruckh J, Deczkowska A, Mohar B, Shechter R, Lichtenstein
RG, Amit I, Schwartz M. 2021. Meningeal lymphoid structures are activated under acute and chronic
spinal cord pathologies. Life Sci Alliance 4: e202000907.
8. Habib N, McCabe C, Medina S, Varshavsky M, Kitsberg D, Dvir-Szternfeld R, Green G, Dionne D,
Nguyen L, Marshall JL, Chen F, Zhang F, Kaplan T, Regev A, Schwartz M. 2020. Disease- associated
astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease and aging. Nat Neurosci 23: 701-6. (citations:617).
9. Ben-Yehuda H, Matcovitch-Natan O, Kertser A, Spinrad A, Prinz M, Amit I, Schwartz M. 2020.
Maternal Type-I interferon signaling adversely affects the microglia and the behavior of the offspring
accompanied by increased sensitivity to stress. Mol Psychiatry 25: 1050-67 (Cover page).
10. Kertser A,Baruch K, Deczkowska A,Weiner A,Croese T, Kenigsbuch M,CooperI, Tsoory M,Ben- Hamo
S, Amit I, Schwartz M. 2019. Corticosteroid signaling at the brain-immune interface impedes coping with
severe psychological stress. Sci Adv 5: eaav4111. (citations:32).
11. Rosenzweig N, Dvir-Sternfeld R, Tsitsou-Kampeli A, Keren-Shaul H, Ben-Yehuda H, Weill-Raynal P,
Cahalon L, Kertser A, Baruch K, Amit I, Weiner A, Schwartz M. 2019. PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade
harnesses monocyte-derived macrophages to combat cognitive impairment in a mouse model of tauassociated dementia. Nat Commun. 10: 465. (citations:141).
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